The French government has introduced new language tests for foreigners seeking to remain in the country, a move that has sparked significant discussion and controversy. Part of a bill passed a year ago, these tests represent a broader set of measures intended to tighten border controls and impose stricter conditions on foreign migrants. The language assessment, costing around €100 (£83.20), is mandatory for applicants seeking French nationality or long-term residency. However, certain groups, including most retirees over the age of 65 and individuals applying for or renewing annual visitor cards, are expected to be exempt.
The law mandates that applicants demonstrate a level of French proficiency equivalent to that of a lower secondary school pupil, aged 11-15 years. This requirement has raised questions about its feasibility, even for native French speakers. An investigation by FranceInfo revealed that the language level required could challenge native speakers themselves. In one instance, 10 French volunteers, including a literature student with extensive higher education, failed the written test but succeeded in the oral component. Additionally, two French volunteers did not meet the level necessary to obtain their own nationality.
The legislation, crafted under former interior minister Gérald Darmanin and enacted in January 2024, reflects a strategic shift towards stricter immigration policies under President Emmanuel Macron's administration. This aligns France with similar requirements in neighboring countries like Germany. An impact report accompanying the law indicates that these heightened standards could result in approximately 60,000 individuals being denied permission to stay in France.
Critics argue that the language requirements are excessively demanding for many foreigners pursuing nationality or long-term residency.
“The level is far too high for most foreigners who are seeking nationality or papers to stay for a long period in France.” – Félix Guyon
Supporters of the law argue that it encourages responsibility and integration among immigrants.
“The whole system is designed to give people a sense of responsibility and help them integrate. You have to have faith in people. They have three years to reach the minimum level and renew their residency permit.” – Félix Guyon
However, some residents express concerns about their ability to meet these requirements due to time constraints and lack of formal education in France.
“The problem is I don’t have the time. I haven’t done any studies in France and I don’t have the necessary level.” – Marianne
There is also concern about individuals who can communicate effectively in French but may still struggle with the formalities of the test.
“There are people who speak French very well, who communicate every day at work, but who are not going to pass this exam.” – Chloé Odent
Despite these concerns, supporters argue that immigrants have ample opportunity to achieve the required proficiency level.
“If a foreign person has been legally resident in France for several years and is not able to speak French it’s because they haven’t made the effort.” – Bruno Retailleau