An estimated 725,000 undocumented Indian immigrants reside in the United States, making them the third largest group of undocumented immigrants after those from Mexico and El Salvador. As the India-U.S. relationship continues to strengthen, both countries are addressing complex immigration challenges. The Indian government aims to repatriate 18,000 individuals living illegally in the U.S., while safeguarding the H-1B visa program, crucial for skilled Indian migrants in technology and engineering sectors.
The Biden administration seeks to fortify ties with India, recognizing its strategic importance as a counterbalance to China. As part of this effort, discussions on illegal immigration have taken center stage. Sources revealed to Bloomberg that 18,000 undocumented Indians have been identified for repatriation, although the actual number may be significantly higher.
India's government, however, has not confirmed these figures but emphasized its collaborative efforts with the U.S. to address illegal immigration. Recently, over 100 undocumented Indians were deported back to India in October alone, with more than 1,000 individuals returned over the past year.
A key concern for the Indian government is protecting the status of the H-1B visa program, which is widely used by Indian professionals. In 2023, Indians accounted for nearly 75% of all H-1B visas issued. Despite its significance, the program has faced scrutiny from U.S. President Donald Trump, who described it as "very, very bad" before later acknowledging it as a "great programme."
"great programme" – US President Donald Trump (referring to H-1B visas)
The H-1B scheme remains vital for Indian workers seeking better employment opportunities in the U.S., with notable figures such as Elon Musk publicly supporting the program. Preserving this visa category is crucial for maintaining the upward trajectory of India-U.S. relations.
In addition to immigration challenges, the U.S. president has considered imposing steep trade tariffs on India as part of his America-first policy. This move could potentially impact the burgeoning economic ties between the two nations.
The personal relationship between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and former U.S. President Donald Trump also plays a role in bilateral discussions. Both leaders often refer to each other as "great friends," highlighting the importance of personal diplomacy in international relations.
"great friends" – Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US President Donald Trump
As these discussions unfold, both countries remain committed to addressing shared challenges and opportunities. The strategic partnership between India and the U.S. continues to evolve, driven by mutual interests and geopolitical considerations.