A tuberculosis outbreak in Kansas has been labeled the largest recorded in United States history since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began monitoring the disease in the 1950s. As of January 24, 2024, Kansas has reported 67 active tuberculosis cases and 79 latent infections. The state’s health authorities announced this surge amid a national increase in tuberculosis cases, with 9,633 active cases reported across the US in 2023, marking a 15% rise from the previous year.
The outbreak in Kansas is attributed to the rapid escalation of cases within a short period. Health officials have identified Wyandotte County as the primary area of concern, although they emphasize a very low risk to the general public, including surrounding counties. Jill Bronaugh, communications director for the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, described the situation as the "largest documented [tuberculosis] outbreak in US history."
Tuberculosis is primarily caused by a bacterium that affects the lungs and spreads through the air. Those with inactive tuberculosis can develop active tuberculosis at any time, posing a risk for further transmission. Without treatment, one in ten people with inactive tuberculosis will eventually develop the active form of the disease. Common symptoms include a persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood, weight loss, and chills.
Two types of tests are available to detect a tuberculosis infection: a blood test and a skin test. The Kansas Department of Health and Environment is collaborating with local health agencies and adhering to CDC guidance to manage and contain the outbreak. Despite the significant number of cases in Kansas, health officials report that there is a minimal threat to people outside the affected areas.
The CDC estimates that up to 13 million people in the United States live with inactive tuberculosis. The increase in cases nationally—highest since 2013—highlights the persistent challenge of addressing this infectious disease. The Kansas health department recorded 51 active cases in 2023 and anticipates approximately 109 cases in 2024. As of early 2025, only one new case has been reported.
Most tuberculosis cases respond well to antibiotic treatments when diagnosed promptly. The Kansas outbreak underscores the importance of early detection and treatment to prevent progression from latent to active disease. Health authorities continue to urge those at risk or showing symptoms to seek medical advice promptly.