Sudan has announced that plans for a Russian naval base on its soil will move forward, marking a significant development in the strategic relations between the two nations. After years of deliberations, Sudan's foreign minister confirmed the "complete agreement" on this endeavor during his recent visit to Moscow. The announcement comes amid Sudan's ongoing internal conflict and a dire humanitarian crisis, raising questions about the timing and implications of this decision.
Sudan's military and civilian leaders have been hesitant to advance the naval base project due to disagreements over its terms. However, recent developments indicate that these issues have been resolved, paving the way for Russia to establish its first naval base in Africa. This move aligns with Russia's strategic interests in the Red Sea, a crucial maritime route that facilitates approximately 12% of global trade.
The plan for the Russian base stems from a 2020 agreement that allows Russia to station up to four navy ships, including nuclear-powered ones, in Sudan for 25 years. While a new deal is unnecessary, both nations must ratify the existing agreement to proceed. Russia would thereby join the US and China, both of which have established military bases in Djibouti, enhancing its presence in this geopolitically significant region.
Sudan's foreign minister's visit to Moscow solidified this commitment as he engaged with his Russian counterpart. The timing of this announcement coincides with Sudan's civil war between its army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which complicates its international relations. Notably, Russia has vetoed UN Security Council resolutions calling for a ceasefire in Sudan, showcasing its support for the Sudanese government.
Meanwhile, Sudan faces what is described as the world's worst humanitarian crisis, with widespread displacement and looming famine. The country grapples with internal turmoil as its army claims victories against the RSF and anticipates a decisive outcome. However, the US has leveled serious accusations against RSF leaders, alleging genocide, which contributes to the intricate dynamics at play.
Russia's deputy foreign minister visited Sudan in April and pledged "uncapped" support for its army. This gesture underscores Russia's backing of Sudan in international forums, further intertwining their strategic interests.